Abstract: The 32 peony cultivars were used as test material and the scanning electron microscopy was used to compare the morphological pollen of 32 peony cultivars, in order to provide a reference for the classification of peony cultivars in pollen morphology.The results showed that the pollen of 32 peony cultivars had both similarities and differences.The pollen existed as a single seed, and all had threepseudo-holes,which were in the equatorial axis,polar axis length,germination groove length,net ridge width,and net.The hole diameter,polar view,equatorial view,and outer wall decoration were very different.By clustering these quantitative indicators of pollen morphology,it was possible to classify the 32 peony cultivars tested.Through the principal component analysis of pollen morphology,it was found that the outer wall decoration of pollen,the size of pollen grains and the structure of pollen germination can be used as important basis for the classification of species groups.