不同有机物料对菌-菜轮作土壤质量的影响

瞿飞; 杨静; 赵夏云; 唐兵; 文林宏

不同有机物料对菌-菜轮作土壤质量的影响

Effects of Different Organic Materials on Soil Particle Size Distribution and Enzyme Activity of Pleurotus ostreatus

摘要

摘要: 以玉米芯和稻谷壳为试材,设置稻谷壳(G)、玉米芯(Y)以及稻谷壳+玉米芯(GY)的混合有机物料3个处理,研究不同有机物料处理对菌-菜轮作土壤养分、粒径分布及酶活的影响,以期为农业资源高效利用改良土壤质量提供参考依据。结果表明:添加不同有机物料可显著提高土壤养分,其中全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、有效氮(AN)、有效钾(AK)、有机质含量分别高出对照16.87%～45.23%、30.95%～44.76%、29.41%～33.33%、35.14%～63.64%、22.61%～53.87%,全钾(TK)与比重无显著变化。根据土壤粒径分级,该研究检测出粒径范围在0～200μm, G+Y处理后粘粒含量显著提高;G、Y处理粘粒、粗粘粒、细粉粒含量显著降低,且占比较大,粗粉粒、细粒砂、粗粒砂含量显著提高。各处理均能显著提高土壤脲酶活性,G、G+Y处理使蔗糖酶活性降低,G+Y处理使酸性磷酸酶活性降低,过氧化氢酶影响较小,处理间无显著变化。TN、TP、AN、AK、有机质、脲酶之间存在显著或极显著正相关关系,TN与TP、AK、有机质、脲酶呈极显著正相关,与AN呈显著相关。TP与AN呈极显著正相关,与有机质呈显著正相关,与过氧化氢酶呈显著负相关。AN表现出与AK、有机质、脲酶显著相关。AK与有机制和脲酶呈极显著相关。有机质与脲酶呈极显著相关。不同有机物料可显著提高土壤养分,增强土壤酶活性,综合来看单一有机物料提高土壤养分和酶活要优于混合物料,但混合物料较单一物料对土壤团聚结构影响更大。

Abstract: Taking corncob and rice husk as test materials, setting rice husk（G）,corncob（Y） and the mixed organic materials of rice husk（G）+corncob（Y） as treatments.The effects of different organic material treatments on soil nutrients, particle size distribution and enzyme activities in mushroom-vegetable rotation were studied, in order to provide a reference for the efficient utilization of agricultural resources and the improvement of soil quality.The results showed that the content of TN,TP,AN,AK and organic matter were 16.87%-45.23%,30.95%-44.76%,29.41%-33.33%,35.14%-63.64% and 22.61%-53.87% higher than those of the control, respectively.According to the classification of soil particle size, the range of particle size detected in this study was 0-200 μm.The content of clay increased significantly after G+Y treatment.The content of clay, coarse clay and fine silt in Y treatment decreased significantly, and accounted for a large proportion, while the content of coarse silt, fine sand and coarse sand increased significantly.All treatments could significantly increase soil urease activity.G and G+Y treatments decreased sucrase activity, and G+Y treatment decreased acid phosphatase activity, but catalase had little effect.There was a significant or extremely significant positive correlation between TN,TP,AN,AK,organic matter and urease.There was a significant positive correlation between TN and TP,AK,respectively.There was a significant correlation between TN and AN.TP was significantly positive correlation with AN,significantly positive correlation with organic matter.AN was significantly correlation with AK,organic matter and urease.AK was significantly correlated with organic mechanism and urease.There was significant correlation between organic matter and urease.Different organic materials could significantly improve soil nutrients and enhance soil enzyme activities.Generally speaking, single organic material was better than mixed materials in improving soil nutrients and enzyme activities, but mixed materials have greater impact on soil aggregate structure than single materials.

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