Abstract: Taking walnut rhizosphere soils from three different soil depths as test material, Biolog-ECO technology was used to study the walnut rhizosphere soil microbial communities at different soil depths diversity characteristics and trends, in order to provide reference for further analysis of the relationship between walnut rhizosphere soil microorganisms and biocontrol bacteria.The microbes in the rhizosphere soil of the Yangbi country walnut had different characteristics in the utilization of carbon sources, especially the deep rhizosphere soil microorganisms had a strong ability to use a single carbon source, followed by the middle and shallow layers.At the same time, the overall change trend of the Shannon index of the walnut rhizosphere soil microbial community was that the middle layer was higher than the shallow layer and the deep layer.