Abstract: Taking ’Shitai No.1’ Radix pseudostellariae as the test material,a field test was conducted with five treatments,100% NPK chemical fertilizer（T1）,70% NPK chemical fertilizer+1 350 kg·hm^-2biological organic fertilizer（T2）,50% NPK chemical fertilizer+2 250 kg·hm^-2 biological organic fertilizer（T3）,30% NPK chemical fertilizer+3 150 kg·hm^-2 biological organic fertilizer（T4）,and4 500 kg·hm^-2 biological organic fertilizer（T5）.The effects of different proportion of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer on soil organic matter,nutrients,soil enzyme activities,and yield and quality of Radix pseudostellariae were studied,in order to provide reference for scientific reduction of chemical fertilizers,rational application of organic fertilizers,and the high yield and quality of the traditional Chinese medicine Radix pseudo stellariae industry in Guizhou Province.The results showed that soil organic matter content,available phosphorus content,soil catalase activity,sucrase activity and urease activity showed a rising trend with the increasing proportion of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer,while soil available potassium content and phosphatase activity showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.The contents of soil organic matter and available phosphorus in T5 treatment were 17.13%—74.26% and 16.69%—78.08% higher than those in other treatments,respectively,and reached a significant level.The yield of Radix pseudo stellariae in T3treatment was the highest,significantly higher than that in other treatments.There was no significant difference between T3,T4 and T5 treatments in drying rate and soluble extracts of Radix pseudostellariae,but they were significantly higher than T1 and T2 treatments.In general,organic manure replacing chemical fertilizer could significantly increase the content of soil organic matter,improve the soil nutrient status,stimulate soil enzyme activities,promote the absorption and utilization of soil nutrients by Radix pseudostellariae,and facilitate the growth and development of Radix pseudostellariae.In this experiment,the best treatment was T3,which gave consideration to good soil biochemical characteristics and high yield and quality of Radix pseudostellariae,and effectively reduced the amount of chemical fertilizer.