Abstract: Microbial fertilizer, as a new type of environmentally friendly fertilizer, has continuously improved its status in green agriculture and eco-agriculture due to its unique advantages, and has attracted widespread attention.In this study, the history of microbial fertilizer, types and mechanism of microbial fertilizer in increasing crop yield, improve crop quality and prevention and control of plant diseases, improve soil structure, reduce the role of the applying fertilizer content and other aspects, finally the prospect of ecological agriculture in Chinese medicine were analyzed, in order to provide theoretical reference for the rapid development of microbial fertilizer.