Abstract: Manglietiastrum sinicum is a rare and endangered plant under state protection.After more than 40 years of conservation and possible reintroduction, as well as the scientific research, the seedling breeding technology of M.sinicum has been relatively mature now, with high survival rate, the survival of the plants growing well protection work has achieved initial success, but the current field still haven′t found the natural growth of seedlings, wild M.sinicum critically endangered status has not been alleviated.In order to promote the research work about M.sinicum,research progress on the systematics, conservation ecology, reproductive biology, chemical composition were reviewed.The results showed that there was still no consensus on the systematic classification status of M.sinicum despite the introduction of molecular biological analysis techniques.At present, only 52 individuals and eight populations were found in the wild, scattered throughout the prefectures of Wenshan andHonghe in Yunnan which had the characteristics of the transition between the natural geography and the biogeography.The reproductive obstacles such as short flowering period,insect pollination,the lack of seed dispersal animal,seed germination and seedling growth difficulty may be the important factors.M.sinicum contains a variety of chemical components,such as antibacterial,anti-platelet agglutination,anticarcinogenic,disease-resistant and insect resistant,and has high medicinal value.By collecting and consulting literature,it is found that there are only a few research reports on M.sinicum,and the literature of the same type is single,lacks systematization and comprehensiveness,which requires researchers to actively and deeply carry out relevant research.