Abstract: Taking the 13-year-old ‘Lyuling’ walnut annual branches in the walnut demonstration garden base of Hebei Lyuling company in Lincheng county, Hebei Province as test materials, lab low temperature simulation test and lab analysis were used to study the effects of spraying SA on the transcriptome, antioxidant enzyme activity, MDA content, relative conductivity and osmotic adjustment substances on the cold resistance of walnut annual branches by natural overwintering and artificial low temperature regulation, in order to provide reference for walnut overwintering management.The results showed that low temperature stress increased REC of annual branches and MDA,Pro and SP contents in phloem and enhanced the activities of SOD,POD and CAT in a certain range.Regardless of artificial low temperature or natural low temperature, each SA treatment decreased REC of annual branches and the contents of MDA content in phloem, SP and Pro contents and SOD,POD and CAT activities of walnut annual branches to a certain extent.Compared with the CK.At-30 ℃,the MDA content in phloem of branches treated with SA₁ was 8.62 μmol·g^-1,12.55% lower than the CK.The activities of SOD,POD,CAT and the contents of SP and Pro were 0.96 U·g^-1·min^-1FW,13.47 U·g^-1·min^-1FW,5.46 U·g^-1·min^-1FW and 17.28 μg·g^-1,56.25 μg·g^-1,respectively increased by 7.07%,359.10%,68.36%,6.35% and 54.98% compared with the CK.The comprehensive results of resistance to low temperature stress of each treatment were as follows, SA₁＞SA₅＞SA_0.25＞SA₁₀＞CK,among which the effect of spraying 1 mmol·L^-1 SA solution on the leaf was the best.