Abstract: As the world′s largest producer and consumer of vegetables,the vegetable industry was considered an important food security supply system under‘big food concept’of China.This study was based on the development of vegetable production as an important measure to adjust the structure of the agricultural industry and increase farmers′income in Inner Mongolia.The current situation of vegetable industry development and the risk situation faced by the industry in Inner Mongolia were analyzed,and then the effectiveness and shortcomings of the insurance protection system of the vegetable industry in Inner Mongolia were identified,in order to provide reference for development of vegetable industry of Inner Mongolia.The results showed that the current insurance protection system of the vegetable industry in Inner Mongolia had the following problems,there was a mismatch between the small-scale pilot of open field vegetable insurance and the insurance demand of large-scale cultivation a mismatch between the unified rate and the regional risk,a mismatch between frequent changes of underwriting institutions and the requirements of insurance deep and detailed cultivation,and a low level of protection of policy-based vegetable insurance.The following measures were proposed to further improve Inner Mongolia′s vegetable insurance system,expanding the pilot scope of open-field vegetable insurance,promoting the deep integration of agricultural and animal husbandry insurance with modern agriculture;conducting risk zoning and setting insurance premium rates scientifically;establishing a perfect service evaluation mechanism for agricultural insurance institutions,and appropriately prolonging the service period of outstanding insurance institutions;improving the level of protection of policy-based vegetable insurance,and contributing to the construction of a diversified vegetable insurance supply system.