Abstract: The straw resources are abundant and the development potential is huge.Returning straw to the field is an effective way to realize the resource utilization of agricultural waste.Reasonable returning of straw to the field can effectively improve the soil environment and promote the carbon and nitrogen cycle of the farmland ecosystem.Pests and diseases increase, and the microbial system is disturbed.Therefore, the current situation of straw returning at home and abroad was summarized, and the differences between the widely used methods of returning to the field was analyzed.The ecological effects of straw returning to the field were comprehensively evaluated from the aspects of water saving and fertilizer reduction, greenhouse effect, effects of pests and diseases, soil physical and chemical properties and microbial structure, and further revealed the regulation effect of straw returning technology on farmland environment.At the same time, it pointed out the current problems of straw returning to the field and prospected the straw returning from the perspective of sustainability, in order to provide theoretical guidance for further research on straw returning to the field.