Abstract: Auricularia auricula is a precious edible and medicinal glial fungus in China, which has important edible and medicinal value and application prospect.Auricularia auricula contains a variety of macro, trace elements and a variety of active substances, with immune regulation, hypoglycemic, anti-tumor and other effects.With the rapid development of molecular biology technology, the molecular biology research of Auricularia auricula involves the identification of germplasm resources, genetic diversity, functional gene cloning, variety breeding and so on.In this study, the research status of A.auricula was introduced from the aspects of genetic diversity, DNA molecular marker technology, functional gene cloning and genetic material, and the future research direction was prospected, in order to provide reference for the development of A.auricula germplasm resources and molecular genetic breeding.