Abstract: The litter is one of the important links in the forest ecosystem, and as a link connecting the ground and underground parts, it is self-evident for the ecological function of the forest.The decomposition of the litter is the process of the decomposed nutrients of the forest returning to the soil to supplement the sudden nutrients.Research on litter decomposition and its influencing factors can master the factors that promote litter, thus quickly release nutrients and play fertilizer preservation.A series of studies have been conducted on the influencing factors affecting the forest litter, but there is still a systematic summary.This study summarized the relevant literature at home and abroad, and summarized the influencing factors affecting the forest litter, which were atmospheric nitrogen depression Reduction, climate change, natural disasters, human interference and other factors, analyze the deficiencies of the current research and put forward prospects, in order to provide a research basis for the future effective use of forest litter, and improve the function of forest ecology.In addition to the above aspects, the influence of the interaction between various factors on the litter decomposition could be strengthened.