Abstract: Taking the calcareous paddy soil in Shiban Town, Bozhou District, Zunyi, Guizhou Province as the test material, the contents of heavy metals Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn and Pb in the soil were determined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry.The occurrence forms, vertical distribution, leaching and migration characteristics and ecological hazards of heavy metals in the soil of water and drought rotation in carbonate rock area were studied, in order to provide reference for the comprehensive prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in farmland soil in carbonate rock area and scientific basis for the quality and safety of agricultural products and groundwater safety.The results showed that within the scope of national soil environmental quality standard（GB15618-2018）,the exceeding standard rate of soil heavy metal Cd was 80%,and the reaching standard rate of heavy metal Cr, Cu, Zn and Pb was 100%.In addition to Cr, the contents of soil pH,organic matter, heavy metals Cd, Zn, Cu and Pb decreased with the deepening of soil depth.The leaching rate of heavy metals in each soil layer showed the characteristics of Zn＞Cu＞Cd＞Cr＞Pb.The content of each form of the five heavy metals did not change significantly with the deepening of soil depth, and the five heavy metals mainly existed in residual form in each soil layer.In the cumulative comprehensive pollution index method, all soil layers in the study area were free of pollution, while in the comprehensive potential ecological risk index method, all soil layers in the study area were at a slight risk level, in which Cd was the most important ecological risk element, followed by Pb.