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三唑类杀菌剂对苹果锈病的防效及作物安全性评价

Field Control Effect of Apple Rust and Crop Safety Assessment of Triazole Fungicides

  • 摘要: 以苹果锈病(Gymnosporangium yamadai)为试材,采用田间试验,研究了6种三唑类杀菌剂不同浓度不同施药时间对苹果锈病的田间防治效果及作物安全性的影响,以期为苹果锈病的安全高效防控提供参考依据。结果表明:腈菌唑的防治效果及安全性均表现优良,预防试验中,40%腈菌唑EC 2 000倍和4 000倍于幼果期第2次药后10 d保护苹果叶片不受G.yamadai侵染的防治效果均达98%以上,治疗试验中,果实膨大期第4次药后16 d抑制叶片病斑扩展的防治效果为90.89%和87.17%。作物安全性试验结果表明,供试药剂不同浓度于花芽露红期到果实膨大期施用,对苹果叶片、枝梢、花和果均无药害产生,果面无畸形和果锈。于花芽露红期到果实膨大期施药,只有10%苯醚甲环唑DC 2 000倍和40%腈菌唑EC 4 000倍的单果质量与对照差异不显著,其它各处理均下降9%以上。果实膨大期开始施药,供试药剂处理均未对果实生长产生显著影响。

     

    Abstract: Apple rust(Gymnosporangium yamadai) was used as material, the control efficacy of six triazole fungicides against apple rust and their crop safety were studied by field experiment, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the safe and efficient control of apple rust disease.The results showed that the control effect and crop safety of myclobutanil were prominent.Field trials demonstrated that in preventive experiment, when checked 10-day after the second application during the young fruit stage, the preventive effect of myclobutanil 40% EC at 2 000 times and 4 000 times dilutions could provide 98% in protecting apple leaves from G.yamadai infection.And in therapeutic experiment, when checked 16-day post to the fourth application during the fruit swelling stages, the control effect were 90.89% and 87.17% in inhibiting the spread of leaf lesions.The results of crop safety tests showed that, when sprayed at red bud, full-bloom, fruitlet and fruit swelling stages, no phytotoxicity was found on the tested leaves, branches, flowers and fruits.While, when sprayed from the red bud stage to fruit swelling stage, all the fungicide treatments but difenoconazole 10% DC 2 000 times dilution and myclobutanil 40% EC 4 000 times dilution, the single fruit weight of other fungicide treatments decreased by more than 9% compared with untreated control.When sprayed the tested fungicides during fruit swelling stage, there was no noteworthy reduction in single fruit weight between the recommended concentration of fungicides treatments and the untreated control.

     

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