Abstract: The cowpea of continuous cropping for 1-7 crops was used as experimental material.The physiological index, yield index and soil physiological and biochemical index of cowpea in continuous cropping facilities were studied by using the method of complete random design, in order to provide reference for overcoming the obstacle of continuous cropping cowpea in facilities.The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and other physiological indexes of cowpea in greenhouse had little effect with the increase of continuous cropping times of cowpea, and there was no significant difference between continuous cropping.However, after 3 times of continuous cropping, soil nutrients and cowpea plant height, pod length, single pod weight and other yield traits were significantly affected, showing a significant downward trend.In addition, cowpea needs to absorb a large amount of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter in the seedling stage and vegetative growth stage, and the flowering and pod setting stage was the peak period of nitrogen and potassium demand.Therefore, in the seedling stage and vegetative growth stage of protected cowpea anti continuous cropping cultivation, organic fertilizer and inorganic balance fertilizer need to be added, and in the seedling stage, stress resistant functional fertilizer needs to be added appropriately.Cowpea needed less phosphorus, but phosphorus deficiency would seriously affect the yield of cowpea.Therefore, in the reproductive growth stage of resistant continuous cropping cowpea, phosphorus leaf fertilizer could be applied to overcome continuous cropping obstacles.