Abstract: Taking the Lentinus edodes culture material as test materials, the culture material was treated by high temperature steam sterilization and extrusion sterilization, and the sterilization effect and physicochemical properties of two sterilization methods were comparatively studied, in order to provide reference for new sterilization methods of mushroom culture materials.The results showed that after treated by two sterilization methods, there was no significant difference in sterilization rate between the total number of colonies and molds, the content of crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber and total free amino acids were decreased differently, especially the crude fiber and lignocellulose was obviously degraded.After the high temperature steam sterilization and extrusion sterilization, the crude fiber content decreased by 4.52% and 24.29% respectively, the lignocellulose content decreased by 1.41% and 5.57% respectively, the hemicellulose content decreased by 10.09% and 3.88% respectively, and the holocellulose content decreased by 4.58% and 6.87% respectively.Compared with high temperature steam sterilization, the extrusion sterilization had higher values in the content of crude protein, crude ash and total free amino acid, and a more significant degradation effect on crude fiber and cellulose.The degradation rates were increased by 19.77% and 9.23%,respectively.Extrusion sterilization had a significant puffing effect on the culture material.The bulk density, specific porosity, and water holding capacity were 47.84%,2.52 and 1.55 times of high temperature steam sterilization respectively.Therefore, both sterilization methods could achieve good sterilization effect, and the extrusion sterilization was more effective in nutrient retention, cellulose degradation, physical properties regulation.