Abstract: The Stropharia rugosoannulata was used as the test material, seven polysaccharides from different cultivation substrates were extracted from Stropharia rugosoannulata by water extraction alcohol precipitation method, their chemical composition and antioxidant activity were detected, and correlation analysis was conducted.The influence of different cultivation substrates on the correlation between polysaccharide and antioxidant activity of fruiting body of mushroom were studied, in order to clarify the correlation of chemical composition and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Stropharia rugosoannulata in different cultivation substrates.The results showed that the scavenging ability of DPPH free radical was positively correlated with the content of reducing sugar but had no significant correlation with other components, while this ability for hydroxyl free radical was negatively correlated with the content of polysaccharides and uronic acid.The scavenging ability of superoxide radical was positively correlated with protein content but not significantly correlated with other components.The cultivation substrate affected the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from fruiting body of mushroom.More the reducing sugar and protein content were higher, stronger was the antioxidant activity.The effects of total sugars, polysaccharides and uronic acid on antioxidant ability were weak.