Abstract: Taking 11 germplasm resources of the main watermelon cultivars in Hunan as test material, the fingerprint was constructed by screening 23 pairs of core SSR primers, and the genetic diversity analysis was carried out, in order to provide reference for the protection of watermelon varieties, the direction of watermelon breeding and the innovation of germplasm resources in Hunan region.The results showed that only 8 pairs of polymorphic primers were used to construct the fingerprints of 11 watermelon varieties.The results of cluster analysis showed that the genetic analysis of molecular markers of most cultivars was consistent with phenotype, but there were still some varieties and phenotypes that differed, which was speculated to be caused by too few primer sites.At a genetic distance of 0.66,the watermelon varieties tested could be divided into four categories.