Abstract: Taking ‘Fengtang Plum’ as the contrast and seventy-five single plants of ‘Fengtang Plum’ in Guizhou Province as test material to conduct analysis on twelve leaf phenotypic characteristics and explore the genetic differences among different materials, in order to provide reference for protecting the ‘Fengtang Plum’ variety.The results showed that, 1) 26 types of variation were observed for eight qualitative traits in 75 test materials, and the Shannon-Wiener Information Index H and Simpson Genetic Diversity Index D ranged from 0.667 4 to 1.201 4 and 0.488 1 to 0.678 3,respectively.The coefficients of variation for four quantitative traits ranged from 8.38% to 17.50%.Among them, the coefficient of variation of petiole length was the largest, 17.50%.2)The results of principal component analysis showed that there were five principal components with eigenvalues greater than 1,and the cumulative contribution rate reached 67.618%.Among them, the factors with higher factor loadings in each principal component were leaf shape index, leaf surface condition, leaf tip, leaf margin and leaf stalk color.3)The results of R-type clustering analysis and correlation analysis of characters showed that the twelve leaf phenotypic characteristics classified the seventy-five materials reasonably.The results of Q-clustering showed that 76 materials were classified into three groups at a Euclidean distance of 16.0,which could classify 3 materials, YS60,YS71 and YS73,and nine materials, YS28,YS31 and YS39,ect.,into 2 separate groups.This indicated a completely different genetic background from the control.At Euclidean distance 5.0,27 materials such as YS1,YS6,and YS75 could be distinguished from the control.This indicated that there were small genetic differences between these 27 materials and the control.