Abstract: Black soil, sandy soil and sandy loam soil were used as the research objects.Agrochemical analysis technology was used to determine soil chemical factors, and 16S rRNA and ITS technology were used to sequence the genome of bacteria and fungi in rhizosphere soil.To explore the soil microbial community structure and diversity characteristics of different cultivation soil in Gentiana scabra Bge..The results showed that the nutrients of the three soils were significantly different except for TP（P＜0.05）.Among them, the black soil had the highest nutrient content, followed by the sandy loam soil.Acidobacter, Chloroflexi and Basidiomycota were dominant microbes in black soil; in sandy loam soil, the dominant microbes were Actinobacter, Verrucomicrobia and Mortierellomycota predominate;while Proteobacteria,Gemmatimonadetes and Ascomycota were dominant microbes in sandy soils.The Shannon and Chao1indices indicated that the microbial community diversity and richness of black soil were slightly higher than those of sandy loam soil,but both were significantly higher than those of sandy soil（P＜0.05）.PLS-PM analysis showed that SOC was significantly positively correlated with soil bacterial community structure（P ＜0.01）,while soil available nutrients（NH+4-N、NO-3-N,AP and AK）had a very significant negative correlation with bacterial diversity（P＜0.01）.It can be seen that SOC and available nutrients affect the rhizosphere bacterial community structure and diversity,and black soil and sandy loam are more suitable for gentian cultivation.