Abstract: Rosa roxburghii from 17 producing areas in Guizhou was taken as the test matterial.The effects of antioxidant substances such as total polyphenols, total triterpenes, total flavonoids, vitamin C,total polysaccharides, and superoxide dismutase（SOD） on the antioxidant activity of Rosa roxburghii from 17 different production areas in Guizhou were studied using methods such as correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis, in order to provide reference for the breeding of Rosa roxburghii varieties and the development of high-quality antioxidant Rosa roxburghii products.The results showed that the antioxidant content and antioxidant activity of most Rosa roxburghii samples were significantly different（P＜0.05）.The content of total polyphenols and total triterpenes had a highly significant correlation with the antioxidant effect of Rosa roxburghii Tratt（P＜0.01）,and the order of the effect of each active substance on the antioxidant effect of Rosa roxburghii Tratt was total polyphenols＞total triterpenes＞total flavonoids＞vitamin C＞polysaccharides≈SOD;the rank of the comprehensive score of S11 was the 1^st,and the other comprehensive scores in higher order were S3,S16,S17,S4,S2,S9,S12,S1.When the average euclidean distance was greater than 5 less than 10,the pinprick samples could be clustered into three classes, in general agreement with the principal component analysis results.