不同葡萄品种花粉生活力测定与贮藏条件
Pollen Viability and Storage Conditions of Different Grape Cultivars
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摘要: 以"白鸡心"(‘Baijixin’)、"白哈丽丽"(‘Baihalili’)、"白香蕉"(‘Baixiangjiao’)、"白玫瑰"(‘Baimeigui’)、"黑拉查基"(‘Heilachaji’)、"黑墨"(‘Heimo’)、"黑大粒"(‘Heidali’)、"黑玫瑰"(‘Heimeigui’)8个葡萄(Vitis vinifera L.)品种的花粉为试材,采用3种不同的方法进行散粉,然后在不同温度分不同时间进行贮藏,采用离体萌发法研究不同品种的花粉生活力强弱以及贮藏温度和时间对花粉生活力的影响,以期筛选出花粉活力强的葡萄品种,对葡萄杂交育种中父本的选择起到指导作用。结果表明:25℃烘箱进行散粉处理后,8个葡萄品种的花粉萌发率均最高,活力最强,25℃烘箱处理花粉散粉效果最好;8个葡萄品种的花粉在-80℃下贮藏,花粉萌发率均最高,活力最强。在4℃下贮藏花粉,花粉萌发率低,活力急剧下降。随着贮藏时间延长,活力逐渐降低;贮藏过程中8个葡萄品种中"白香蕉"葡萄生活力最强,在-80℃贮藏10 d后,花粉萌发率为56.13%,可以作为父本,用于杂交育种。Abstract: Pollens of 8 grape cultivars（Vitis vinifera L.） including ‘Baijixin’‘Baihalili’‘Baixiangjiao’‘Baimeigui’‘Heilachaji’‘Heimo’‘Heidali’ and ‘Heimeigui’ were used as materials to disperse pollen in three different ways, and then stored at different temperatures and at different times.In vitro germination method was used to study the effects of different cultivars of pollen viability and storage temperature and time on pollen viability.The results showed that, 1) 25 ℃ oven treatment was the best condition for pollen dispersal, and pollen viability was the strongest under this treatment; 2) The pollen of 8 grape cultivars stored at-80 ℃ had the highest germination rate and the strongest vigor.The pollen germination rate of 8 grape cultivars stored at 4 ℃ was low and their vigor decreased sharply.With the prolongation of storage time, the vitality gradually decreased.3) Among the 8 grape cultivars during storage, ‘Baixiangjiao’ grape had the strongest viability.After 10 days storage at-80 ℃,the pollen germination rate was 56.13%.
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