Abstract: Taking ‘Kenzao No.21’ cucumber as test material, the Stropharia rugosoannulata residue and decomposed organic materials were uesd as cultivation substrate, the effects of 5 cultivated substrates with different proportion of the Stropharia rugosoannulata residue（the proportion of the Stropharia rugosoannulata residue was 0%,25%,50%,75% and 100%） on the growth, yield and quality of cucumber and the main physical and chemical properties of the cultivated substrates were studied with plastic flowerpots in the greenhouse, in order to provide reference for the Stropharia rugosoannulata residue to be used as cultivated substrates.The results showed that the Stropharia rugosoannulata residue had significant effect on the growth of cucumbers and the physical and chemical properties of the cultivated substrates, and increased the bulk density, total porosity, aeration porosity, and the content of available nitrogen and available potassium in cultivated substrates, reduced the pH and available phosphorus content in cultivated substrates.In cultivated substrates with 75% or 100% of Stropharia rugosoannulata residue, the plant height, stem diameter, fresh weight and dry weight of cucumbers increased, and the yield of cucumber fruit increased significantly, while there was no significant difference in the quality of cucumber fruit.Above all, the Stropharia rugosoannulata residue could be used as cultivated substrates for cucumber production, and the cultivated substrates with a higher percentage of the Stropharia rugosoannulata residue were more suitable for cucumber cultivation.