Abstract: Based on itspanel data from 2004 to 2020,the carbon emission factor method and the LMDI model were used to measure agricultural carbon emissions in it and analyzed effects of agricultural productivity, agricultural production structure, agricultural economic level and agricultural labor force size on its agricultural carbon emissions, in order to provide decision-making basis for low carbon agriculture development in Heilongjiang Reclamation Area.The results showed that the overall trend of agricultural carbon emissions in Heilongjiang Reclamation Area was on the rise, with an average annual growth rate of 3.98%;the first major source of agricultural carbon emissions was chemical fertilizer, followed by irrigation, agricultural film, pesticides and agricultural machinery; carbon emissions were mainly concentrated in the eastern and northeastern reclamation areas; the growth of economic level and the unbalanced agricultural production structure had a positive effect on carbon emissions, while the increase of agricultural production efficiency and the reduction of agricultural labor force led to less carbon emissions.To develop low-carbon agriculture, Heilongjiang Reclamation needs to develop smart agriculture with various high-tech technologies, establish a smart agricultural management models, and build a digital carbon emission monitoring and evaluation system.