Abstract: Setaria viridis has NADP-ME type of C₄ photosynthesis, which is suitable for the study of the formation mechanism of high light efficiency.Because of its short life cycle, small genome size, high number of seeds, easy for genetic manipulation, is thought to be the model species for studying C₄ photosynthesis.Setaria viridis has simple growth requirements, drought tolerance and salt tolerance, wide adaptability, close relationship with millet and switchgrass, and is an ideal genetic research model for food crops and bioenergy plants of xerophytes.In this study, the research foundation of green foxtail millet was introduced, and the progress of its growth and physiological characteristics, germplasm resources, functional genes and medicinal value were reviewed.