桑科植物叶绿体基因组研究进展
Reseach Progress on Chloroplast Genome of Moraceae Plant
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摘要: 叶绿体基因组具有半自主性和母性遗传特征,揭示其功能对于研究植物起源、系统进化及物种鉴定、分类具有十分重要的作用。桑科植物具有食用、药用、生态修复及作为工业原料等多种用途。其叶绿体基因组为双链环状结构,由4个部分组成,即1个大的单拷贝区域(large single-copy,LSC)、1个小的单拷贝区域(small single-copy,SSC)、2个反向重复区域(inverted repeat,IRs)。基因组大小约160kb,编码110～130个基因,包括蛋白质编码基因、tRNA\rRNA\ncRNA等。桑科植物叶绿体基因组上存在SSR和SNP位点,同时还发现有密码子使用偏好性。该研究对近年来桑科植物叶绿体基因组的研究现状、应用以及发展趋势进行了综述,为进一步理解桑科植物叶绿体的功能机制提供参考依据。Abstract: Chloroplast genomes are characterized by semi-autonomy and maternal heredity.Revealing plant chloroplast genome played an important role in the study of origin,phylogeny,identification and classification of species in plant.The chloroplast genome of Moraceae plants had a double chain structure,composed of four parts,incluing a large single-copy（LSC）,a small single-copy（SSC）,and twoinverted repeat（IRs）.SSRs and SNPs,and codon useD preferenceare found in chloroplast genome.The present status,applications,and developing trends of chloroplast genome reasrch of Moraceae plants were briefly summarized in this review.It provided a reference for further understanding the functional mechanism of chloroplast in Moraceae plants.
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