Abstract: Taking ‘Ruixue’ apple with different maturity levels as test material,the principal component analysis method was used to study the changes of fruit quality and physiological indicators during storage,in order to provide reference for determining the scientific harvesting period of‘Ruixue’long-term storage.The results showed that color saturation,hardness,sugar-acid ratio,starch content and ethylene release rate could be used as the evaluation criteria to determine the harvest time of‘Ruixue’apple.The fruit hardness of harvesting stage Ⅰ was the highest,and the fruit quality decreased rapidly during storage,while the fruit hardness of harvesting stageⅡremained better during storage,while the fruit hardness of harvesting stage Ⅲ had better sugar and acid quality,appearance and color,and lower weight loss rate and browning rate after storage.The most suitable harvest period of ‘Ruixue’ apple was harvest stage Ⅲ，which was about 190 d after full flowering,color saturation was about 38.58,sugar and acid ratio was 45.31±0.02,hardness was about（6.93±0.11）N·cm^-2,starch content was （24.90±0.28） mg·kg^-1.The ethylene release rate was （8.84±1.23）CO₂ μL·kg^-1·h^-1.