Abstract: The genetic diversity of 52 Atractylodes macrocephala germplasm resources with different plant types（compact type, intermediate type and loose type） from 8 main producing areas were analyzed by SRAP molecular markers, in order to provide a reference for the effective utilization of Atractylodes macrocephala resources and variety breeding.The results showed that 184 locis were detected by 14 pairs of SRAP polymorphic primers, and the polymorphic ratio was 88.6%,the average Nei′s gene diversity index（H） was 0.231 3,the average Shannon diversity index（Ⅰ） was 0.362 9,the gene flow（N_m） was 1.213 7.The genetic similarity coefficient of 52 accessions ranged from 0.527 2 to 0.972 8,with an average of 0.798 5.The genetic diversity index of the compact and loose type of Atractylodes macrocephala was close, and the whole was lower than that of intermediate type.The genetic difference between the loose and compact type of Atractylodes macrocephala was the largest, and the genetic difference between the loose type and intermediate type was the smallest.When the genetic similarity was 0.80,52 Atractylodes macrocephala germplasm resources could be divided into 9 subgroups, and the cluster result had no revelation with geographical distribution.The compact type was mainly distributed in subgroup Ⅰ and Ⅲ.Instead, the loose and the intermediate type were scattered in all the subgroups.52 germplasm resources were abundant of genetic diversity.Among them, the intermediate and loose type were more aboundant than compact type.And through further research, the ideal plant-type Atractylodes macrocephala could be screened, which could provide a basis for the varieties breeding of Atractylodes macrocephala.