Abstract: Taking the ancient relic plant named Amygdalus mongolica as the test material, based on Illumina HiSeq X^Ten platform sequencing and bioinformatics analysis methods, the chloroplast genome characteristics and phylogenetic status of A.mongolica were studied, in order to provide reference for species identification of A.mongolica and the related species, phylogenetic status, and breeding of early spring ornamental plants and northwest barren desert-grassland plants.The results showed that the chloroplast genome of A.mongolica had a tetrad structure.The protein coding genes encoded a total of 26 428 codons, of which 29 types were preferred codons.The maximum number of codons UUU was 1 034.The minimum number of GCG in the codon was 137.The number of codons encoding leucine was the highest（2 637）,accounting for 9.98% of the total.The number of codons encoding tryptophan was the lowest（531）,accounting for only 1.94%.According to the setting parameters, 16 tandem repeats and 31 SSR loci were found in the chloroplast genome of A.mongolica.Most SSRs were located in IGS（Intergenic Regions） and LSC Regions.No trinucleotide duplication was detected in SSRs.Based on the chloroplast genome sequence data, it was found that A.mongolica was closely related to Amygdalus persica and Amygdalus kansuensis.