Abstract: Tree peony are a perennial deciduous shrubs of genus Paeonia and also an endemic plant resource in China, which have a long cultivation history with numerous varieties and distribute widely.In addition, tree peony have important economic and cultural values as a kind of precious plant resource.Therefore, the protection and utilization of tree peony resources have drawn widely attention.However, the current situation is the protection and utilization of peony resources are not enough, while many research of peony germplasm resources are scattered, which largely restricts the development of the peony industry.Based on the existing research of tree peony, we summarized the current research progress of germplasm resources protection, development and utilization of peony, including the classification and geographical distribution of wild peony and cultivated peony, phylogenetic relationship of wild peony, and biological characteristics of floral morphology, pollination and seed reproduction.On this basis,it introduced the survival and protection status of tree peony resources,and the development and utilization in ornamental,medicinal,edible and cultural values.Finally,according to the existing problems,it provided some suggestions for the future research on the protection and development of peony resources.