Abstract: Taking the surface soil（20 cm） in a township of Shaying River in Henan Province as the test material, the effects of drought and rain on the contents and spatial changes of nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in surface soil were studied by using ArcGIS 9.0 Inverse Distance Weightin interpolation method, in order to provide reference for rational utilization of nitrogen fertilizer and remediation of soil pollution in agriculture.The results showed that the average content of nitrate and nitrite changed significantly in the drought and rainfall period, and the content of nitrogen in the rain period was much higher than that in the drought period.Soil nitrogen decreased along rivers and ditches with temporal and spatial changes.Densely populated areas, intensive fertilizer application areas, low-lying areas, and ditch-irrigated areas all distributed in high-value areas and second-high-value areas.Fertilization and human manure loss resulted in increased nitrogen content,and Shaying River was also an important source of soil nitrogen.There was a positive correlation between ammonium nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen content in soil,and the correlation coefficient was0.434（P＜0.01）.