Abstract: The sandy loam and sandy clay cultivated in Bletilla striata for 2 years were used as test material, the high-throughput sequencing technology and bioinformatics analysis methods were used, the structure of the fungal community in the rhizosphere was studied, soil physical and chemical factors were measured to analyze the correlation between soil physical and chemical factors and fungal community, in order to provide reference for high quality and high yield cultivation of B.striata.The results showed that a total of 43 651 optimized fungal gene sequences were obtained, there were differences between the two types of rhizosphere soil fungi, the OTU numbers of unique fungi in sandy loam and sandy clay account for 33.50% and 33.60% of the total, respectively; α diversity analysis showed that, the richness of fungal genera in sandy loam soil was higher than that in sandy clay; based on community structure analysis, except for unclassified fungal genera, Fusarium and Mortierella were dominant genera in both B.striata rhizosphere soils, Epicocum,Ilyonectria,and Knufia were significantly enriched in sandy loam soil, while Exophiala,Saitozyma was significantly enriched in sandy clay; physical and chemical factors affect the fungal community in the rhizosphere soil of B.striata,effects of soil available phosphorus on rhizosphere soil of B.striata fungal communities α diversity had a significant impact, pH, available phosphorus, available magnesium and available calcium had a significant impact on soil fungal communities.There were differences in the fungal community structure between sandy loam soil and sandy clay soil planted with B.striata,soil physicochemical factors had a certain impact on rhizosphere fungi, among them, available phosphorus was the most significant.