Abstract: The findings of investigation could provide basic data for the protection, development and utilization of these resources.Based on the technology of the fourth national survey Chinese matiera medica resources, the ecological types, wild plants and cultivated Chinese medicinal materials were investigated and analyzed with 3 S technology in the county, in order to understand the types and distribution of wild and cultivated medicinal plants in Qinxian of Shanxi Province.38 sample plots, 190 quadrat sets and 1 140 quadrats in this census were investigated.There were 211 species of wild medicinal plants in the region, belonging to 66 families and 174 genera.Of these, the three families of Compositae, Leguminous and Umbelliferae were the most widely distributed.Classified by medicinal parts, roots and rhizomes were the largest number, accounting for 30% of wild resources.According to the statistics of life type, the perennial herbaceous plants ranked first in the county′s wild TCM resources（68%）.Among them, it was more important census result that 14 species of wild key medicinal plants and 4 species of national secondary protected plants were survived.In the meantime, we also examined the cultivated traditional medicine.15 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine with large planting area were studied in the country.The census found that it was abundant to medicinal plant resources.It was necessary to strengthen the protection, development and utilization of the county′s traditional Chinese medicine resources.In this way, the county-level characteristic Chinese medicinal material brand could be further built.