Abstract: Three plum cultivars of‘Longyuanmili’‘Heibaoshi’‘Dashizaosheng’were used as test materials.The leaf morphology and anatomical structure of old and young leaves were observed by paraffin section and scanning electron microscope,and the drought resistance of different varieties was compared by membership function method in this experiment.In order to provide a rich data base for morphological and anatomical identification for the evaluation method of plum germplasm resources,and also provided a reference for drought-resistant seed selection of plum.The results showed that the leaf area of‘Longyuanmili’was the largest,（52.93±3.95）cm~2,its leaf shape was slightly round（ratio of length and width was 1.73±0.14）.The leaf thickness and weight of‘Heibaoshi’was the maximum,they were（3.16±0.56）mm·（10leaves）^-1 and （0.66±0.05）g,respectively,its leaf shape was slightly long （ratio of length and width was 2.50±0.13）.The leaf thickness and width of the upper epidermis could be distinguished between young and old leaves of the three plum cultivars,the leaf thickness and the width of the upper epidermis of young leaves were the minimum,while the index of old leaves were maximum.The upper epidermal cell width and leaf tissue structure tightness（CTR）of young leaves was‘Heibaoshi’＜‘Longyuanmili’＜‘Dashizaosheng’.The membership function was used to make comprehensive analysis of the epidermal cell structure,palisade tissue,stomatal size and density of the plum leaf tissue,the result was that the cultivar of the strongest drought resistance was‘Dashizaosheng’（young leaves was 0.580 3;old leaves was 0.850 8）,and the weakest plum cultivar was‘Longyuanmili’（young leaves was 0.324 5;old leaves was 0.379 7）.