Abstract: Taking diseased chili fruits with typical anthracnose symptoms collected from Anning district, Lanzhou city, Gansu Province as the test materials, taking tissue isolation method to isolate pathogens, a multi gene combined phylogenetic tree, and combining morphology and Koch′s rule were constructed to identify the fungal species causing pepper anthracnose in Lanzhou city, in order to provide reference for the diagnosis and prevention and control of this disease.The results showed that 13 strains with the same culture characteristics were obtained from typical anthracnose pepper fruits.The assay of Koch′s postulates confirmed that CA1902 was the causal agent of pepper anthracnose that were identified as Colletotrichum fioriniae by morphology and multilocus phylogenies from combined datasets of ITS,TUB2,ACT,CHS-1,HIS3 and GAPDH.The isolate CA1902 clustered with C.fioriniae,having 100% bootstrap support.According to the above, the pathogen causing anthracnose of pepper（Capsicum annuum L.） was Colletotrichum fioriniae in Anning district, in Lanzhou, Gansu Province.This study was the first report of C.fioriniae causing anthracnose on pepper in Gansu Province, China.Considering the economic value of pepper, this identification maight aid in the selection of appropriate management tactics for this disease.