Abstract: The Allium galanthum planting soil and Capsicum annuum was used as the test material.Potted Capsicum annuum by using the original soil from the planting field of Allium galanthum,the soil from the field of uncultivated crops and the mixed soil with the mass ratio of 1∶1 was carried out, to study the allelopathic effects of Allium galanthum on Capsicum annuum plant and fruit growth, rhizosphere soil microbial and enzyme activities, clarify the effect of soil mediated allelopathy of Allium galanthum on the growth of Capsicum annuum,in order to provide reference for the establishment of the cultivation system of Allium galanthum and Capsicum annuum.The results showed that the allelopathy at lower level of Allium galanthum planting soil accelerate the growth period of Capsicum annuum and significantly promoted the aboveground biomass accumulation, fruit soluble sugar and vitamin C contents, greatly increased the number of soil microorganisms, and significantly promoted soil sucrase and phosphatase.However, the high intensity allelopathy inhibited the aboveground biomass accumulation, leaf chlorophyll content and fruit quality indexes of Capsicum annuum,and reduced the number of microorganisms in rhizosphere.Correlation analysis and path analysis showed that well-coordinated soil microecological environment played an important role in the growth and development of Capsicum annuum.In conclusion, the results showed that the allelopathy of Allium galanthum planting soil could affected the growth and development,and the rhizosphere microenvironment of Capsicum annuum,and showed a ‘low promotion and high inhibition’ effect.