Abstract: Picea mongolicais a rare and unique species in Inner Mongolia,mainly distributed in Baiyin Aobao National Nature Reserve of Inner Mongolia.It is a precious genetic resource with a total area of just 20 000 hm2.This study from the sand spruce unique distribution characteristics,classification,seedling and seed germination,somatic embryo,community characteristics and intraspecific differentiation,genetic diversity,diversity of endophytic bacteria,resistance,and its afforestation techniques and protective configuration of Picea mongolicaresearch status at home and abroad and the latest research progress were reviewed,in order to provide reference for further sand spruce genetic improvement,molecular breeding,resources protection,rational utilization of research work.