Abstract: Based on psychological cognition-situation-behavior theory, and the survey data of 573 farmer households in Mei county, Baoji city, Shaanxi Province, this study analyzed the influence factors and effect decomposition of farmers′ behavior of adopting green production technology, the method of Structural Equation Model was employed, and used multiple-group analysis to explore the moderating effects of self-efficacy, part-time occupation type and technical training on farmer′s cognition and behavior.The results showed that farmers′ environmental value cognition, technology cognition and scenarios constraint had significant positive influence on their behavior of adopting green production technology.The three dimensions of farmers′ cognition influenced farmers′ behavior of adopting green production technology through the mediating effect of situational constraints.Multi-group analysis showed that farmers′ self-efficacy, part-time occupation type and participation in technical training had moderating effects on their cognition and behavior.Based on this, it was suggested to carry out targeted policy publicity and promotion for different types of farmer groups, strengthened the training of agriculture-related technologies, improved farmers′ awareness of resource utilization and multi-dimensional value of green production technology, and guided and encouraged farmers′ green production behavior.