Abstract: Soil microbial community structure is one of the important factors influencing nutrient cycle in ecosystem.Taking soils of six kinds of typical vegetations in Beijing city Songshan National Nature Reserve as research subjects,included Juglans mandshurica forest,Quercus mongolica forest,Pinus tabuliformis forest,mixed coniferous broad leaved forest,brushwood and meadow,and studied community structure of soil microbial in different vegetation types by field sampling and laboratory analysis.The results showed that,the specific OTUs and Alpha diversity of soil bacterial and fungi in Juglans mandshurica were the highest.The lowest OTUs of soil bacterial and fungi were in mixed coniferous broad-leaved forest and brushwood and the lowest Alpha diversity of bacterial and fungi was in Quercus mongolica.The bacterial communities mainly were Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria,and the main fungi communities were BasidiomycotaandAscomycota.Soil pH,moisture and temperature affect the richness and diversity of bacteria and fungi.This study provides a effective reference for researches of soil microbial resources protection and ecological function in Songshan National Nature Reserve.