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黔中地区二十个猕猴桃品种引种适应性比较

Adaptability Comparison of Twenty of Introduced Kiwifruit Varieties in Central Guizhou

  • 摘要: 以20个猕猴桃优良品种为试材,观测不同品种物候期、结果习性、果实外观和内在品质指标,综合评价不同品种在贵阳地区的适应性,以期筛选出适宜黔中地区气候和综合性状优良的猕猴桃品种供生产中推广应用。结果表明:20个品种在试验区内均能完成整个生育周期,能正常结实,年际间差异性较小;"金怡"的盛花期最早,软枣猕猴桃"红宝石星""魁绿"果实成熟时间最早,其余品种果实成熟时间在9月中下旬以后;供试品种表现出良好的结果习性,但对溃疡病抗性存在一定差异,其中"紫玉""楚红""翠玉""金魁"表现良好的丰产性能,4份软枣猕猴桃溃疡病抗性均为高抗,"金魁""徐香""翠玉""魁蜜""金阳"及"玉玲珑"的溃疡病抗性较强。供试品种的果实外观和内在品质表现存在差异,"金魁""徐香""魁绿""金怡""翠玉"和"楚红"的可溶性固形物含量高达16.5%以上,风味酸甜且香气中浓,"玉玲珑"可溶性糖和维生素C含量最高,果肉细腻。综合评价猕猴桃品种溃疡病抗性、果实品质并考虑结果特性、成熟期及果肉颜色类型等指标,中华猕猴桃"金怡"(早熟,黄肉)、"楚红"(早熟,红肉)和"翠玉"(中熟,绿肉),美味猕猴桃"徐香"(中熟,绿肉)和"金魁"(中晚熟,绿肉)适宜在黔中地区推广;软枣猕猴桃"魁绿"(极早熟、绿肉)、"红宝石星"(极早熟、红肉)、"紫玉"(极早熟、红肉)和毛花猕猴桃"玉玲珑"(晚熟,绿肉)适宜作为特色品种。

     

    Abstract: Twenty excellent kiwifruit varieties were planted in Guiyang area.The indexes of phenological period, fruiting habit, fruit appearance and intrinsic quality of different varieties were comprehensively evaluated, their performance was observed, in order to select kiwifruit varieties suitable for the climate and comprehensive traits in the middle of Guizhou for promotion and application in production.The results showed that 20 varieties could complete the entire growth cycle in the test area, and could produce fruit normally, with small inter-annual differences.The flowering period of ‘Jinyi’ were the earliest, and the ripening time of the Actinidia arguta ‘Ruby Star’ and ‘Kuilyu’ was the earliest, and the ripening time of the remaining varieties was after mid to late September.The tested varieties showed good fruiting habits, but there was a certain difference in resistance to kiwifruit canker disease, of which ‘Ziyu’ ‘Chuhong’ ‘Cuiyu’,and ‘Jinkui’ showed good high-yield performance, 4 copies the Actinidia arguta kiwifruit canker disease resistance were high resistance, ‘Jinkui’‘Xuxiang’‘Cuiyu’‘Kuimi’‘Jinyang’ and ‘Yulinglong’ were more resistant to kiwifruit canker disease.There were differences in the appearance and intrinsic quality performance of the tested varieties.The soluble solid contents of ‘Jinkui’‘Xuxiang’‘Kuilyu’‘Jinyi’‘Cuiyu’ and ‘Chuhong’ were as high as above 16.5%,the flavor was sweet and sour, and the aroma was strong.The contents of soluble sugar and vitamin C in ‘Yulinglong’ were the highest, and the flesh was delicate.Comprehensive evaluation of resistance to kiwifruit canker disease, fruit quality of kiwifruit varieties and consideration of indicators such as fruiting characteristics, Actinidia chinensis Planch ‘Jinyi’(early ripening, yellow meat),‘Chuhong’(early ripening, red meat) and ‘Cuiyu’(medium ripening, green meat), Actinidia chinensis var.‘Xuxiang’(medium ripeing, green meat) and ‘Jinkui’ (middle-late cooked,green meat)were suitable for popularization in the middle of Guizhou;Actinidia arguta kiwifruit‘Kuilyu’(very early ripening,green flesh),‘Ruby Star’(very early ripening,red flesh)and‘Ziyu’(very early ripening,red flesh)and Actinidia eriantha Benth.‘Yulinglong’(late ripening,green meat)suitable as a characteristic variety.

     

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