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“阳光玫瑰”葡萄在吐鲁番地区的栽培特性

Cultivation Characteristics of ‘Shine Muscat’ Grape in Turpan Region

  • 摘要: 以吐鲁番地区引种的“阳光玫瑰”葡萄为试材,采用田间试验结合实验室分析的方法,研究了“阳光玫瑰”葡萄在吐鲁番地区的栽培适应性与赤霉酸(GA3)、氯吡脲(CPPU)和链霉素(SM)组合处理对设施栽培条件下“阳光玫瑰”葡萄无核化及果实品质的影响,以期为“阳光玫瑰”葡萄在该地区的优质栽培提供参考依据。结果表明:“阳光玫瑰”葡萄在吐鲁番地区生长势强,丰产性好,抗白粉病,露地栽培品质不佳,设施栽培综合品质较高。GA3+CPPU+SM组合处理无核化效果优于GA3+CPPU组合处理,且随着GA3浓度的增大无核化效果越好,但僵果率也随之增加,当GA3浓度为15 mg·L-1时,僵果率达27.75%,果粒质量减小,果实发育受限;10 mg·L-1 GA3+2.5 mg·L-1 CPPU+200 mg·L-1 SM处理的果穗质量、果粒质量、鲜果硬度均较大,果实颜色亮绿,口感甜、香味浓郁且肉脆,品质最优。综上,“阳光玫瑰”葡萄在吐鲁番地区适宜设施栽培;设施栽培无核化和保果方法为花后3 d用10 mg·L-1 GA3+2.5 mg·L-1 CPPU+200 mg·L-1 SM蘸穗。

     

    Abstract: ‘Shine Muscat’ grape in Turpan area was used as experiment material.The cultivation adaptability of ‘Shine Muscat’ grape and the effects of combined treatment of gibberellin acid(GA3),forchlorfenuron(CPPU) and streptomycin(SM) on denuclearization and fruit quality using field tests and laboratory analysis in Turpan area were researched, in order to provide reference for the high quality cultivation of ‘Shine Muscat’ grape in this region.The results showed that it had strong growth potential, good yield, resistance to powdery mildew, fruit quality was not good in the open field, but high quality in facility cultivation.The combination of GA3+CPPU+SM treatment had better denuclearization effect than GA3+CPPU treatment, the higher the concentration of GA3,the better the denuclearization effect, but the rate of rigid fruit was also increased.When the concentration of GA3 was 15 mg·L-1,the rate of rigid fruit was 27.75%,the berry mass was decreased, and the fruit development was limited.The cluster mass, berry mass and fruit firmness of the treatment(10 mg·L-1 GA3+2.5 mg·L-1 CPPU+200 mg·L-1 SM) were higher than others treatment, color bright green, sweet, crisp, strong fragrance, and fruit quality was the best.In general, ‘Shine Muscat’ grape was suitable for facility cultivation in Turpan; the methods for denuclearization and fruit retention in facility cultivation were 10 mg·L-1 GA3+2.5 mg·L-1 CPPU+200 mg·L-1 SM,3 days after flowering dip floral cluster.

     

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