Abstract: Taking Coptis chinensis Franch.as experimental material, the method of applying different fertilizers such as organic fertilizer, microbial fertilizer and chemical fertilizer to Coptis chinensis Franch.seedlings, and tracking and observing multiple indexes such as length, volume, root division and coarseness, leaf number, plant height, chlorophyll relative content and nitrogen content of Coptis chinensis Franch.seedlings.The effects of different fertilizers on the growth of Coptis chinensis Franch.seedlings were studied, in order to provide reference for scientific planting of Coptis chinensis Franch.seedlings.The results showed that both organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer could promote the growth of root system of Coptis chinensis Franch.seedlings in many aspects such as length, volume, root division and coarseness, increase the number of leaves and plant height, and increase the content of chlorophyll and nitrogen in leaves to a certain extent.The combination of organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer could promote the growth of Coptis chinensis Franch.seedlings better than the use of organic fertilizer or bacterial fertilizer alone.