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高钾型水溶肥配施生物刺激素对茄子生长及品质的影响

Effects of High Potassium Water-soluble Fertilizer and Biostimulants Treatment on Growth and Quality of Solanum melongena L.

  • 摘要: 以‘杭茄2010’为试材,采用水肥一体化技术,设置施用常规复合肥(对照)、高钾型水溶肥及高钾肥配施阿美滋或黄腐酸4组处理,分析茄子株高、叶面积、叶片干鲜质量、叶绿素含量、果实色泽、大小、干鲜质量、可溶性糖和可溶性固形物含量等,研究了高钾型水溶肥或配施不同生物刺激素(阿美滋、黄腐酸)对茄子植株生长及果实品质的影响,以期为高质量山地茄子的栽培提供参考依据。结果表明:单施钾肥或配施阿美滋、黄腐酸的茄子叶面积均比对照大幅提升,分别提高112.54%、117.41%和120.95%。叶片干鲜质量也在各个处理下比对照显著增加。茄子株高受钾肥配施阿美滋的影响最大,增幅为10.86%,而茄子叶绿素含量受钾肥配施黄腐酸的影响最大,增幅为28.90%。单施钾肥或配施阿美滋、黄腐酸的茄子果实色泽a*值分别比对照增加21.71%、17.57%和21.59%。配施阿美滋或黄腐酸在果实长度、直径、干鲜质量、硬度的增长幅度均高于单施钾肥。单施钾肥或配施黄腐酸处理的茄子果实硝酸盐含量分别比对照降低了59.74%和53.74%。单独施用高钾型水溶肥可以提高茄子叶面积、叶片干鲜质量,改善果实色泽等,而钾肥配施阿美滋或黄腐酸后,株高、果实大小和可溶性糖含量等指标可以进一步提高,说明配施生物刺激素对茄子的改善效果比单施钾肥更明显。

     

    Abstract: Eggplant variety of ‘Hangqie 2010’ was used as experimental materials, and the water and fertilizer integration technology was used for the experiment.Four treatments were applied, conventional compound fertilizer(control),high potassium type water soluble fertilizer and high potassium fertilizer with ameizi or fulvic acid, and the plant height, leaf area, leaf dry and fresh weight, chlorophyll content, fruit color, size, dry and fresh weight, soluble sugar and soluble solids content of eggplant were analyzed.The effects of high potassium water-soluble fertilizer and different biostimulants(ameizi and fulvic acid) on the growth and fruit quality of eggplant plants were studied, in order to provide reference for the cultivation of high-quality mountain eggplant.The results showed that the leaf area of eggplant was significantly increased by 112.54%,117.41% and 120.95% for both potassium fertilizer alone or with Ameizi and fulvic acid, respectively, compared with the control.Leaf dry and fresh weights were also significantly increased under each treatment compared to the control.Eggplant plant height was mostly affected by potassium fertilization with Ameizi, with an increase of 10.86%,while eggplant chlorophyll content was most affected by potassium fertilization with fulvic acid, with an increase of 28.90%.Eggplant fruit color a* values increased by 21.71%,17.57% and 21.59% with potassium fertilizer alone or with amethyst and xanthic acid, respectively, compared to the control.The increase in fruit length, diameter, dry and fresh weight, and hardness treated by potassium fertilizer with Ameizi or fulvic acid were greater than that of potassium fertilizer alone.The nitrate content of eggplant fruits treated with potassium fertilizer alone or with fulvic acid was reduced by 59.74% and 53.74%,respectively, compared with the control.The application of high potassium type water soluble fertilizer alone improved the leaf area, dry and fresh weight of leaves and fruit color of eggplant, while the indicators of plant height, fruit size and soluble sugar content could be further improved by potassium fertilizer with ameizi or fulvic, indicated that the improvement effect of biostimulants on eggplant was more obvious than that of potassium fertilizer alone.

     

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