Abstract: Yulania stellata,a fine flowering young arbor tree,was used as the test material,and artificial blocks and stones were selected as the main substrate materials.The morphological and physiological indexes of Y.stellata under different soil aeration conditions were studied by controlled cultivation experiment.Flowering quality was first taken as one of the main research indicators,in order to clarify the physiological response mechanism of the fleshy root plants of Magnoliaceae caused by soil environmental permeability.The results showed that substrate ventilation significantly affected the morphology,flowering quality and physiological indexes of Y.stellata,showed that the increase of aeration porosity significantly increased the total nitrogen content of leaves and the water content of petals.The aeration porosity of the treatment containing 50% artificial blocks was 29.37%,and the aeration porosity of the treatment containing 10% stones was 20.01%.Compared with the latter,the former increased the total nitrogen content of leaves by 133.60%,the water content of petals by6.73%,the flower diameter increased by 0.07%,the width of single petals significantly increased by0.12%（F=6.754,P＜0.05）,and decreased the superoxide dismutase（SOD）activity by 91.76%which was significantly negatively correlated with substrate ventilation（F=5.638,P＜0.05）.This study revealed the physiological and ecological response of Y.stellata to different substrate ventilation.