Abstract: Taking cucumber ‘Jinwang 605-1’ was used as the test material, and the test method of using microbial fertilizer to replace some chemical fertilizers was used to study the effects of this fertilization measure on the growth, quality, yield formation and benefits of cucumbers in plastic greenhouses in early spring, in order to provide a basis for increasing the application of microbial fertilizer and reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer in the facility cultivation in Longdong area of Gansu Province.The test results showed that replacing some fertilizers with microbial fertilizer could deepen the skin color of cucumber, reduc the density of melons, improve the taste of cucumber, increase the rate of commercial products, and increase the chlorophyll content of plant leaves.At the same time, it could increase the content of soluble sugar（5.55%-25.75%）,soluble protein（5.00%-9.50%）,soluble solids（8.25%-30.66%）,ascorbic acid（vitamin C）（11.73%-28.68%） in cucumber, and reduce nitric acid.Salt accumulation（1.06%-20.29%）.When microbial fertilizer replaces 50%-70% chemical fertilizer, the yield increase was 0.93%-11.92%,and the increase efficiency was 0.31%-11.37%.