Abstract: Taking 3-factor,5-level quadratic orthogonal rotational combination design with oriental melon‘Boyang 61’as the test material,the effects of nitrogen （urea）,phosphorus （calcium superphosphate）and potassium （potassium sulfate）fertilization on the yield and quality of oriental melon in plastic greenhouses were investigated,in order to provide reference for the scientific fertilizers of oriental melon.The results showed that the yield and fruit soluble solids of oriental melon were the target effect equations.The results of the model analysis showed that the yield and fruit soluble solids content of oriental melon increased with the increase of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers,and then decreased with the increase of fertilizer application.The univariate effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on oriental melon yield and quality were potassium＞phosphorus＞nitrogen,and there were interactive effects of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.Combined with the results of model optimization analysis,the fertilization scheme for oriental melon with high yield and quality under this test condition was selected as follows,N fertilizer 513.16-543.38kg·hm^-2,phosphorus fertilizer 1 317.23-1 391.93kg·hm^-2,potassium fertilizer 319.20-353.78 kg,N 236.05-249.95kg·hm^-2,P₂O₅210.76-222.71kg·hm^-2and K₂O 159.60-176.89kg·hm^-2.