Abstract: Seven thin shell walnut varieties ‘Schley’ ‘Barton’ ‘Excell’ ‘Eliott’ ‘Disiraable’ ‘Mohawk’ and ‘Caddo’ in the southwestern region of Zhejiang Province were used as test materials, with their growth indicators, pigment content, photosynthetic physiology, and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, through methods as ethanol extraction-spectrophotometric method, LI-6400XT OPEN 6.2 portable photosynthesis measurement system, PAM-2100 portable modulation chlorophyll fluorescence spectrometer and so on, in order to provide reference for the breeding and application promotion of thin shell walnut varieties.The results showed that there were significant differences in growth indicators and leaf pigment content among the seven thin shell walnut varieties, such as the seedling height, ground diameter, and new shoot length of ‘Excell’ and ‘Eliott’ were significantly higher than those of other varieties, the Chl a, Chl b, Chl, and Car contents of ‘Excell’ were significantly higher than those of other varieties, and each pigment contents of ‘Caddo’ were the lowest.The results of photosynthetic physiology and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters showed that the A_max and Φ_PSⅡ of ‘Excell’ and ‘Eliott’ were significantly higher than other varieties.Founded on principal component analysis, a comprehensive evaluation model for photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics of different varieties of thin shell walnut seedlings was established and used to make a comprehensive evaluation of the seven thin shell walnut varieties and the score were ‘Excel’＞‘Eliott’＞‘Barton’＞‘Disirable’＞‘Caddo’＞‘Schley’＞‘Mohawk’,which showed that ‘Excel’ had better photosynthetic characteristics and better growth adaptability.