Flavonoids in Roses of Different Colors and Their Relationship With Flower Color

Three kinds of roses with different flower colors, Rosa rugosa ‘Kushui’,Rosa ‘Crimson Glory’ and Rosa alba were used as experimental materials, the flower color of roses was measured by CIE L^* a^* b^* color system method.The composition and content of flavonoids in roses were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS）.The effects of flavonoids in rose petals on their color were studied by multiple linear regression method, in order to provide reference for the material basis of rose color formation.The results showed that a total of 58 type of flavonoid components were detected in three different color roses, of which only one anthocyanin was cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, accounting for 30.45%.There were 24 kinds of flavonoids, accounting for 18.85%,9 kinds of flavonols, accounting for about 31.89%;there were 8 kinds of flavanols, 6 kinds of dihydroflavones, 3 kinds of isoflavones, 2 kinds of chalcones, and 5 kinds of other and polyphenols.The contents of flavonoids and flavonols in three different color roses were different.The content of flavonoids in Rosa alba petals accounted for 93.85% of the total flavonoids, while the content of flavonoids in Rosa rugosa ‘Kushui’ petals and Rosa ‘Crimson Glory’ petals accounted for 29.33% and 44.08% of the total flavonoids, respectively.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that catechin and pinocembrin were the most important factors affecting flower color, and their contents accumulation would affect the parameters L^*,a^*,C^* and h°.The higher the content, the more inclined to red color.In conclusion, cyanidin may be the main substance for the coloration of Rosa ‘Crimson Glory’ and Rosa rugosa ‘Kushui’.Catechin and pinocembrin were the pigment components that affect the color of Rosa ‘Crimson Glory’ and Rosa rugosa ‘Kushui’.Flavonoids and flavonols had a great influence on the color of Rosa alba.Luteolin and quercetin-3-O glucoside were the pigment components that affect the color of Rosa alba.