Qi Liu, Cuiyan Wu, Liang Wei, Shuang Wang, Yangwu Deng, Wenli Ling, Wu Xiang, Yakov Kuzyakov, Zhenke Zhu, Tida Ge. Microbial mechanisms of organic matter mineralization induced by straw in biochar-amended paddy soil[J]. Biochar, 2024, 6(1): 18-18. DOI: 10.1007/s42773-024-00312-7
Citation: Qi Liu, Cuiyan Wu, Liang Wei, Shuang Wang, Yangwu Deng, Wenli Ling, Wu Xiang, Yakov Kuzyakov, Zhenke Zhu, Tida Ge. Microbial mechanisms of organic matter mineralization induced by straw in biochar-amended paddy soil[J]. Biochar, 2024, 6(1): 18-18. DOI: 10.1007/s42773-024-00312-7

Microbial mechanisms of organic matter mineralization induced by straw in biochar-amended paddy soil

Funds: 

This work was financially supported by the National Science Foundation of China (42177334

42207343

42267050), the Ningbo Science and Technology Bureau (2022Z168), the “Pioneer” and “Leading Goose” R&

D Program of Zhejiang (2023C02016

2022C02008), the Seagull Talent of Yongjiang Talent for Yakov Kuzyakov and the K. C. Wong Magna Fund at Ningbo University, Strategic Academic Leadership Program "Priority 2030" of the Kazan Federal University, and the RUDN University Strategic Academic Leadership Program.

More Information
  • Received Date: September 27, 2023
  • Revised Date: February 16, 2024
  • Accepted Date: February 20, 2024
  • Published Date: February 29, 2024
  • Combined straw and straw-derived biochar input is commonly applied by farmland management in low-fertility soils. Although straw return increases soil organic matter (SOM) contents, it also primes SOM mineralization. The mechanisms by which active microorganisms mineralize SOM and the underlying factors remain unclear for such soils. To address these issues, paddy soil was amended with 13C-labeled straw, with and without biochar (BC) or ferrihydrite (Fh), and incubated for 70 days under flooded conditions. Compound-specific 13C analysis of phospholipid fatty acids (13C-PLFAs) allowed us to identify active microbial communities utilizing the 13C-labeled straw and specific groups involved in SOM mineralization. Cumulative SOM mineralization increased by 61% and 27% in soils amended with Straw + BC and Straw + Fh + BC, respectively, compared to that with straw only. The total PLFA content was independent of the straw and biochar input. However, 13C-PLFAs contents increased by 35–82% after biochar addition, reflecting accelerated microbial turnover. Compared to that in soils without biochar addition, those with biochar had an altered microbial community composition-increased amounts of 13C-labeled gram-positive bacteria (13C-Gram +) and fungi, which were the main active microorganisms mineralizing SOM. Microbial reproduction and growth were susceptible to nutrient availability. 13C-Gram + and 13C-fungi increased with Olsen P but decreased with dissolved organic carbon and NO3 contents. In conclusion, biochar acts as an electron shuttle, stimulates iron reduction, and releases organic carbon from soil minerals, which in turn increases SOM mineralization. Gram + and fungi were involved in straw decomposition in response to biochar application and responsible for SOM mineralization.
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