Abstract: Fresh Gastrodia elata is mainly produced in the southwest of China, which is a kind of medicinal and food homologous plant with rich nutrition, unique taste, and remarkable effect. It is rich in protein, polysaccharides, phenols and other compounds, with high economic value. However, fresh Gastrodia elata after harvesting has high water content,brittle and tender tissue, and high respiratory strength. Thus improper storage and transportation are prone to damage and browning, rotting and deterioration, resulting in decline in quality, nutrient loss, weakened efficacy, seriously affecting its edible value. The application of preservation technology can play a certain positive role on the post-harvest quality and medicinal value of fresh Gastrodia elata. Therefore, based on the quality evaluation factors of fresh Gastrodia elata, this paper analyzes the effective ingredients and pharmacological effects of fresh Gastrodia elata, describes the influence of different preservation techniques on the preservation effects such as chemical composition content and sensory quality of post-harvest fresh Gastrodia elata. It aims to provide theoretical basis for the storage and preservation methods of post-harvest fresh Gastrodia elata, so as to promote the development of fresh Gastrodia elata products and promote the sustainable development of fresh Gastrodia elata industry.