Abstract: It is an important direction of the cold chain logistics technology innovation and optimization to maintain sustainable low-carbon development. A cold chain logistics distribution routes optimization model was constructed based on the cost constraints, which incorporated the operation cost and carbon emission cost of cold chain logistics storage, distribution and delivery and other links into the total enterprises cost objective function,the ant colony algorithm was combined with genetic algorithm mutation operator to improve the iterative convergence rate of the algorithm. The pharmaceutical cold chain logistics distribution was used as an example for algorithm simulation optimization and analysis, which verified that reducing the logistics cost and energy saving and emission reduction can be coordinately optimized to obtain good economic benefits. The model and algorithm have theoretical and practical significance for the cold chain logistics distribution routes from the perspective of environmental sustainability.